Authors: Gonzalo Canales, Pricing Strategy Manager at Repsol and Javier Panizo, Energy Purchasing Strategy Senior Manager at Repsol. The electricity pool results, choice of the type of market, or signing up to a suitable rate are some of the most important factors that will influence the final price of a …

Combustion, hydrogen or electric? The environmental impact of vehicles beyond their carbon footprint This content is only available in Spanish.

The EU has launched an ambitious recovery plan to help address today's major energy, climate neutrality, and digitalization challenges. How to successfully tackle the fight against climate change and the evolution towards a just energy transition are two key questions that will mark the future of the EU and its …

Cement is the most consumed material after water, and its production is responsible for more than 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The current situation of the industry requires a hasty decarbonization, which requires improvements in the energy efficiency of factories. This content is only available in Spanish.

Hydrogen (H2) is set to become the energy carrier of the near future. This article explores how, once produced, we will be able to transport it. This content is only available in Spanish.

In February 2023, the European Commission proposed to toughen up on emission measures for trucks and buses, establishing stricter reduction targets until 2040 and investment incentives throughout the community. Heavy vehicles are a big source of greenhouse gas (GHG) generation and a key part of strategies to achieve sustainable and …

The cement manufacturing sector is a sector with emissions that are difficult to abate. This publication presents a solution to replace the petroleum coke used in the kilns with golden hydrogen, thus avoiding CO2 emissions from the fossil fuel and offsetting those due to the limestone decarbonation process. This content …

The main geopolitical aspect that may have an impact on critical raw materials to carry out the energy transition is reliability, understood as the trust that a State may have in another State to obtain the raw materials it needs to carry out its energy transition, with its risks and …

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is undergoing a vertiginous advance and is being applied to numerous sectors. One of them is autonomous driving, a technology on which all manufacturers have bet with successive steps. However, although AI can play a relevant role in decision making, there are still important challenges to ensure …

This content is only available in Spanish.

Traffic should be a priority sector when designing emission reduction strategies in urban areas with the ultimate aim of reducing negative impacts on the health of their citizens. This content is only available in Spanish.

A decarbonized energy system is a priority for the future of the planet but we cannot ignore the effects that this new model may have on society, employment and the finances of the majority of people. Actively facing up to the climate emergency means bringing about a rapid and effective …

Promoting waste recovery, both for energy generation and for the reuse of solid resources, is a key strategy for favoring change towards a more sustainable and conscious energy model. Our consumption patterns generate tons of waste every day which, if not adequately managed by means of recycling treatments, end up …

With nearly $400 billion in government spending and tax credits planned for 10 years, the Inflation Reduction Act is one of the most important measures ever taken in the United States to combat climate change What is the IRA law? The 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is the third piece …

Addressing issues such as increasing battery autonomy, installing more charging points, or using renewable sources to generate electricity, is crucial to continue advancing towards sustainable mobility goals. Did you know that getting around by car is an increasingly sustainable practice? One of the alternatives to reduce your mobility carbon footprint …

This content is only available in Spanish.

Renovating the European Union energy system and reducing excessive dependency on Russian imports requires a commitment to saving, diversifying supplies, and the use of renewable sources. The European Union is facing one of its biggest energy challenges in 2023. In a crisis context caused by the war in Ukraine, with …

The fight against climate change is one of the main challenges facing global society in this century, but what role do forests play in mitigating climate change and what actions are being developed by different countries? This content is only available in Spanish.

The Spanish government is offering households and businesses a range of subsidies for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable mobility projects. Given the elevated instability of international energy markets since the war in Ukraine began, coupled with soaring energy prices in recent months, many households and businesses are finding it …

EsadeGeo Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics EsadeGeo On May 18, 2022, the European Commission launched the REPowerEU plan, detailing the actions to be taken to end Europe’s dependence on Russian fossil fuels while also tackling the climate crisis and accelerating the energy transition. To analyze this plan and the …

The heat generated from the Earth's interior is an energy source with great potential that can greatly benefit areas such as electricity production or air conditioning. Geothermal energy is a primary energy source that harnesses the Earth's heat, and thanks to its sustainable characteristics, it could be key in steadily …

Content only available in Spanish.

Content only available in Spanish.

In 1874, Jules Verne wrote in his novel The Mysterious Island: I believe that one day water will be a fuel, that the hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used alone or together, will provide an inexhaustible source of energy and light, with an intensity which coal cannot; since coal …

The forests that populate our planet play a crucial role in naturally and effectively reducing CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Nearly one third of the Earth's surface is covered by different types of forests and, because of the important role they play within the ecosystem, protecting them properly is more …

Content only available in Spanish.

Content only available in Spanish.

Content only available in Spanish.

Methane has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2 but is a much more potent greenhouse gas. The Global Methane Pledge goal to reduce antropogenic methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030 from 2020 levels is key to mitigate climate change. Methane is the simplest alkane, a very abundant …

Establishing an energy system based on using renewable sources also implies guaranteeing the supply of natural resources such as rare earth or nickel, which are necessary to manufacture batteries, solar panels, or wind turbines. In order to fight climate change and effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, one of the most …

Content only available in Spanish.

Content only available in Spanish.

While users appear to be aware of the subject of sustainable mobility, their knowledge is limited with regard to the different environmentally friendly alternatives on the market. See the report on the perception of mobility technologies (only available in Spanish) |PDF| 2,27 MB. The general public has a key role …

The production of renewable hydrogen, electrification, or the use of renewable fuels (advanced biofuels and synthetic fuels), are some of the key solutions to advance in the decarbonisation of transport. One of the most important energy and environmental challenges facing us today is how to efficiently modernise the mobility sector …

Although speaking about fossil fuels and low-emission energy generation may at first seem contradictory, resources such as natural gas can be excellent partners on the road to decarbonisation. Modernising our energy system from top to bottom and effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its production, distribution and consumption is an …

On May 18, 2022, the European Commission launched the REPowerEU plan, detailing the actions to be taken to end dependence on Russian fossil fuels while also tackling the climate crisis. To analyze this plan and the impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the EU’s energy system and relations, …